Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 1999.

Contents

History

Early history

Vickers was formed in Sheffield Sheffield (pronounced /ˈʃɛfiːld/ ) is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of as a steel Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing foundry A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron. However, other metals, such as steel, magnesium, copper, tin, by the miller A miller usually refers to a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a cereal crop to make flour Edward Vickers and his father-in-law George Naylor in 1828. Naylor was a partner in the foundry Naylor & Sanderson and Vickers' brother William owned a steel rolling operation. Edward's investments in the railway industry allowed him to gain control of the company, based at Millsands and known as Naylor Vickers and Company. It began life making steel castings and quickly became famous for casting church bells A church bell is a bell which is rung in a church either to signify the hour or the time for worshippers to go to church, perhaps to attend a wedding, funeral, or other service. Before mass communication they were the only way to gather a village together, so they served for secular functions also. In 1854 Vickers' sons Thomas (a militia The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with multiple distinct but related meanings. Legal and officer known familiarly as 'Colonel Tom') and Albert joined the business and their considerable talents – Tom Vickers as a metallurgist and Albert as a team-builder and salesman – were key to its subsequent rapid development. "Its great architects," the historian Clive Trebilcock writes, "Colonel T.E. (1833-1915) and Albert (1838-1919) Vickers... provided both inspired technical leadership... and equally astute commercial direction. Both men were autocrats by temperament, but neither shunned advice or avoided delegation; each, but particularly Albert, had a marked gift for the selection of talented subordinates."[1]

In 1863 the company moved to a new site in Sheffield on the River Don in Brightside.

Vickers, Sons & Company

The company went public in 1867 as Vickers, Sons & Company and gradually acquired more businesses, branching out into various sectors. In 1868 Vickers began to manufacture marine shafts, in 1872 they began casting marine propellers A propeller is a type of fan which transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blade, and air or water is accelerated behind the blade. Propeller dynamics can be modeled by both Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law and in 1882 they set up a forging Forging is the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: '"cold," "warm," or "hot" forging. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to 170 metric tons. Forged parts usually require further processing to press. Vickers produced their first armour plate in 1888 and their first artillery piece in 1890.

Vickers, Sons & Maxim

Vickers bought out the Barrow-in-Furness In the Middle Ages, Barrow was a small fishing hamlet within the parish of Dalton-in-Furness. Furness Abbey, on the outskirts of the modern day town, controlled the local economy before its dissolution in 1537. Even as late as 1843 there were still only 32 dwellings including two pubs. The iron prospector Henry Schneider arrived in Furness in 1839 shipbuilder The Barrow Shipbuilding Company in 1897, acquiring its subsidiary the Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company.[2] at the same time, to become Vickers, Sons & Maxim.

Ordnance and ammunition made during this period, including World War I World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 15 million people were, was stamped V.S.M.

The yard at Barrow became the "Naval Construction Yard". With these acquisitions, Vickers could now produce a complete selection of products, from ships and marine fittings to armour plate and a whole suite of ordnance. In 1901 the Royal Navy The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of HM Armed Forces . From the beginning of the 18th century until well into the 20th century it was the most powerful navy in the world, playing a key part in establishing the British Empire as the dominant world power from 1815 until the early 1940s. In World War II the Royal Navy operated almost's first submarine, Holland 1, was launched at the Naval Construction Yard. In 1902 Vickers took a half share in the famous Clyde The River Clyde is a major river in Scotland. It is the ninth longest river in the United Kingdom, and the third longest in Scotland. Flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire shipyard John Brown and Company John Brown and Company of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, was a pre-eminent marine engineering and shipbuilding firm, responsible for building many notable ships.

Further diversification occurred with the purchase of the car building activities of the Wolseley Sheep-Shearing Machine Company in 1905, which was set up as the Wolseley Tool and Motor Car Company The Wolseley Motor Company was a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1901. After 1935 it was incorporated into larger companies but the Wolseley name remained as an upmarket marque until 1975. In 1911 a controlling interest was acquired in Whitehead and Company, the torpedo The modern torpedo is a self-propelled explosive projectile weapon, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater toward a target, and designed to detonate on contact with, or in proximity to, a target. The term torpedo was originally used for a variety of devices, most of which would today be called mines. From about 1900 " manufacturers.

Vickers Limited

Main article: Vickers Limited 1914 advertisement in Jane's presenting Vickers broad naval capabilities

In 1911 the company name was changed to Vickers Ltd and expanded its operations into aircraft manufacture by the formation of Vickers Ltd (Aviation Department). In 1919, the British Westinghouse electrical company was taken over as the Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Company Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as British Westinghouse. Highly diversified, they were particularly well known for their industrial electrical equipment such as generators, steam turbines, switchgear, transformers, electronics and; Metrovick. At the same time they came into Metropolitan's railway interests.

Merger with Armstrong Whitworth

Main article: Vickers-Armstrongs

In 1927, Vickers merged with the Tyneside Tyneside is a conurbation in North East England, defined by the Office of National Statistics, which is home to over 80% of the population of Tyne and Wear. It includes Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, Hebburn, Jarrow, North Shields, and South Shields — all settlements on the banks of the River Tyne. The population of the conurbation was 879,996 based engineering company Armstrong Whitworth, founded by W. G. Armstrong, to become Vickers-Armstrongs, Ltd. Armstrong Whitworth had developed along similar lines to Vickers, expanding into various military sectors and was notable for their artillery manufacture at Elswick Elswick is a ward of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in the western part of the borough, bordering the river Tyne. One of the earliest references to the coal mining industry of the north east occurs in 1330, when it was recorded that the Prior of Tynemouth let a colliery, called Heygrove, at "Elstewyke" for a rent of £5 per and shipbuilding at a yard at High Walker on the River Tyne The River Tyne is a river in northeast England in central Great Britain. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers: the North Tyne and the South Tyne. These two rivers converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'. Armstrongs shipbuilding interests became the "Naval Yard", those of Vickers on the west coast the "Naval Construction Yard". Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft was not absorbed by the new company.

In 1928 the Aviation Department became Vickers (Aviation) Ltd and soon after acquired Supermarine Supermarine was a British aircraft manufacturer that became famous for producing a range of sea planes and the Supermarine Spitfire fighter. The name now belongs to an English motorboat manufacturer, which became the "Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd". In 1938, both companies were re-organised as Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd, although the former Supermarine and Vickers works continued to brand their products under their former names. 1929 saw the merger of the acquired railway business with those of Cammell Laird to form Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon (MCCW); Metro Cammell.

Nationalisation

In 1960 the aircraft interests were merged with those of the Bristol The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, was a major British aviation company. In 1956 its major operations were split into Bristol Aircraft and Bristol Aero Engines. In 1959 Bristol Aircraft merged with several major British aircraft companies to form the British Aircraft Corporation , and Bristol Aero, English Electric Company and Hunting Aircraft to form the de facto nationalised British Aircraft Corporation The British Aircraft Corporation was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd., Vickers-Armstrong (Aircraft), the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960. Bristol, English Electric and Vickers became "parents" of BAC with shareholdings of 40%, 40% and 20%. This was owned by Vickers, English Electric and Bristol (holding 40%, 40% and 20% respectively). BAC in turn owned 70% of Hunting. The Supermarine operation was closed in 1963 and the Vickers name for aircraft was dropped in 1965. Under the terms of the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act BAC was officially nationalised in 1977 to become part of the British Aerospace British Aerospace was a UK aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer. In 1999 it purchased Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc to form BAE Systems group, which exists today in the guise of BAE Systems BAE Systems plc is a British defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, Hampshire, England, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is the world's largest defence contractor as of 2008. It was formed on 30 November 1999 by the £7.7 billion merger of two.

The Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act also led to the nationalisation of Vickers' shipbuilding division as part of British Shipbuilders. These had been renamed Vickers Armstrong Shipbuilders in 1955, changing again to Vickers Limited Shipbuilding Group in 1968. This division was privatised as Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd (VSEL) in 1986, later part of GEC The General Electric Company or GEC was a major UK company involved in consumer and defence electronics, communications and engineering. The Company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index: it was renamed Marconi Corporation plc in 1999 after its defence arm was sold to British Aerospace. In 2005 Ericsson purchased the bulk of Marconi and the's Marconi Marine. It remains in operation to this day as BAE Systems Submarine Solutions.

Vickers plc

The Vickers works in Cross Gates Cross Gates is a large suburb in east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, Leeds Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W Leeds (pronounced /ˈliːdz/ ) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city had a population of 770,800 (2008 est.). Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial Main article: Vickers plc

With their steelworking operations also nationalised into British Steel British Steel was a major British steel producer. It originated as a nationalised industry, the British Steel Corporation , formed in 1967. This was converted to a limited company, British Steel PLC, and privatised in 1988. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index but following mergers, the business is now owned by Corus, a Tata Steel the remnants of Vickers became Vickers plc. In 1986, Vickers acquired the armaments manufacturer Royal Ordnance Factory, Leeds Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W Leeds (pronounced /ˈliːdz/ ) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city had a population of 770,800 (2008 est.). Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial, which became Vickers Defence Systems. Other acquisitions included automotive engineers Cosworth Cosworth is a high performance engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in engines and electronics for automobile racing , mainstream automotive and defence industries. Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with North American facilities in Torrance, Indianapolis and Mooresville and an Indian facility in Pune in 1990, waterjet manufacturer Kamewa in 1986 and Norwegian After World War II, Norway experienced rapid economic growth, with the first two decades due to the Norwegian shipping and merchant marine and domestic industrialization, and from the early 1970s, a result of exploiting large oil and natural gas deposits that had been discovered in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. Today, Norway ranks as the marine propulsion and engineering company Ulstein The Ulstein Group is a group of companies that focus on various marine-related industries, but is mainly known for its ship building and ship design activities. The largest unit is Ulstein Verft AS, a shipyard delivering from 3 to 5 offshore supply ships a year. The most recent delivery is hull no. 290, the Normand Ranger. The ship design unit, in 1998. 1998 also saw the sale of Rolls-Royce Motors and Cosworth to Volkswagen Volkswagen is one of the world's largest automobile manufacturers. The company is headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Volkswagen is the original marque within the Volkswagen Group, which includes the car marques Audi, Bentley Motors, Bugatti Automobiles, Automobili Lamborghini, SEAT, Škoda Auto and heavy goods vehicle manufacturer.

Current Status of Vickers

Vickers remained independent until 1999 when the then Vickers plc was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc Rolls-Royce plc is a British aircraft engine maker. The company has related businesses in the defence aerospace, marine and energy markets who sold the defence arm to Alvis plc, which became Alvis Vickers. Vickers plc and the subsidiaries retained by Rolls-Royce were renamed Vinters in March 2003 [3]. This Vickers name lived on in Alvis Vickers, until the latter was acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 to form BAE Systems Land Systems.

Currently, Eaton Hydraulic's Vickers business[1] provides power and motion control components including vane pumps, piston pumps, valves, cylinders, and filtration products to the industrial, aerospace, marine, and defence industries.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vickers

Bibliography

Footnotes

  1. ^ Trebilcock, Clive. The Vickers Brothers: Armaments and Enterprise1854-1914. London: Europa Publications, 1977 pp.27, 33,35,43,45-8,127-9.
  2. ^ Submarine Heritage Centre
  3. ^ Rolls-Royce plc Rolls-Royce plc is a British aircraft engine maker. The company has related businesses in the defence aerospace, marine and energy markets. The "Principal subsidiary undertakings" Retrieved 12 June, 2006
  4. ^ Detail taken from a copy of Vickers: Against the Odds 1956-1977 published by Hodder and Stoughton London London is a leading global city being the world's largest financial centre alongside New York City, and has the largest city GDP in Europe. Central London is home to the headquarters of most of the UK's top 100 listed companies and more than 100 of Europe's 500 largest. London's influence in politics, finance, education, entertainment, media, in 1978

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Companies and former companies based in Sheffield, England (or with a significant presence)
Modern manufacturing and distribution companies Ancon Clark • Wilson Benesch • Berkart • Henry Boot • Bramah Engineering • Catterly Laser Cutting Co. • Corus Group • Davey Markham • JF Finnigans • Firth Rixson • Fletchers Bakery • Sheffield Forgemasters Company • M J Gleeson Group Plc • Hendersons (Sheffield) Ltd • Kelham Island Brewery) • Land Pyrometers • Arnold Laver • Northern Foods • Outokumpu formerly (Avesta Polarit)t/o / BSC Stainlesst/o • ROM Reinforcement • Ronseal Paints • SIG plc • Tinsley Bridge • Wincro Metals
Modern retail and service industry Atkinsons Stores • HSBC• Irwin Mitchell • John Lewis • PlusNet • Powerminster • Sheffield Hallam University • Tuffnells Parcel Express • University of Sheffield • Williams Fastners • Zoo Digital
Traditional heavy industry (steel and engineering) BOC t/o • British Steel t/o • British Steel Corporation p • Brown Bayley Steels • Newton, Chambers & Company • NCK-Rapier • Cammell t/o • Coopers (Fastners) • Chesterfield Cylinders • Cravens • Daniel Doncasters Ltd • Davey McKeet/o Davey Lowevyt/o Trafalgar House Engineering t/o • Edgar Allen & Company t/o • English Steel Corporationn • Firth Brown Steelsn • Firth Vickers • Laycockst/o • Samuel • Sheffield Forgemasters • Thomas Ward • Tinsley Wire Industries Ltd (TWIL) t/o • Sanderson Kayser •
Cutlers - silver smiths - surgical instruments Arthur Price • B.Braun-Downs Surgicalt/o • Richard Carr (Silversmiths) • James Dixon & Co. • Durham Duplex • Harrison Bros & Howson • Hutton • Mappin and Webb t/o • Martin Hall • Needham, Veall & Tyzack • Joseph Rodgers • Swann Morton • Surmanco • Skidmore • Taylors Eye-Witness Ltd • Thornton (Impants) • Vinerst/o • Walker & Hallt/o • Thomas Wostenholm
Tool manufacturers Dormer (Tools)r • Footprint • Henry Taylor Tools • Neepsend • Stanley Tools (Sheffield)r • Atkinsons (Saws) • Easterbrook Allcard & Company • G & J Hall • Ketona (Shears) • Joseph Marples • Moore & Wright • James Neil (Tools) • Niloc • Osborne Mushett • Paddley & Venables • Record Ridgeway • Rabone Chesterman • Shardlows • The Sheffield Twist Drill Company • Spear & Jackson • Thomas Turner & Co.(Files & Knifes) • Tyzacks Sons & Turner(Saws) • Thomas Flinn & Co. • Standall Tools • Steadfast (Tools) • Tyzack Machine Knives
Miscellaneous formerly Sheffield based companies Batchelorst/o • Dyson Refractoriest/o • William Stones Breweryt/o • Trebor Bassett Sweetst/o • Thorntons Chocolates r • S.H. Wards Breweryt/o
Defunct English Steel Corporation • Samuel Fox and Company • Hadfields Limited • Samuel Osborn & Company • Jessop Saville & Company • Sheffield Coal Company • Simplex Cars • Steel, Peech and Tozer • United Steel Companies • Vickers Limited Vicker, Son & Maxim • William Jessop & Sons • Yorkshire Engine Company
See also Economy of Sheffield • List of companies in Sheffield
t/o - Taken over, n - Nationalised, p - Privatised, a - Active, d - Defunct, h - High tech, e - E-Commerce, f - Financial services r - Relocated

Categories: Companies based in Sheffield | Defunct companies of the United Kingdom | Vickers | Companies established in 1828 | Marine engine manufacturers | Companies disestablished in 2004

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DBS calls buy on CMT, target price at S$2.09 - Business Times (subscription)
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DBS calls buy on CMT, target price at S$2.09 - Business Times (subscription)
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Today Diana . Vickers. is featured over on top celeb and fashion site, Sugarscape! They are loving Diana's debut single and are showing the video for 'Once' on the site - plus a behind-the-scen​es look at the photoshoot for Diana's album ...

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Do you think Diana Vickers will have a future career in singing?
Q. Personally, I absolutely adore her and I really think she should of won the show. After Leona, she is the best the X Factor has ever had...! I hope she releases a album, I'd be the first to buy it and so would ALOT of people I know. Would you?
Asked by Mia xoxo - Thu Dec 11 17:18:54 2008 - - 13 Answers - 0 Comments

A. Yes, I love her soo much!! I think most acts onthere this year have the talent to go far and i really hope that they all do! However, Diana has something different, which is what i love! yay xxx
Answered by sam - Thu Dec 11 17:21:33 2008

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