A video game console is an interactive entertainment computer or modified computer system Game development is a software development process by which a video game is produced. Development is undertaken by a game developer, which may range from a single person to a large business. Development is normally funded by a publisher. In the early era of home computers and video game consoles, a single programmer could handle all the tasks of that produces a video display signal Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion which can be used with a display device (a television Television is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming or television transmission. The word is derived from mixed Latin, monitor A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, broadcast reference monitor or just reference monitor, is a device similar to a television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device, such as a media playout server, IRD, video camera, VCR, or DVD player. It may or may not have audio monitoring capability. Unlike a television, a video, etc.) to display a video game A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word video in video game traditionally referred to a raster display device. However, with the popular use of the term "video game", it now implies any type of display device. The electronic systems used to. The term "video game console" is used to distinguish a machine A machine is a device that uses energy to perform some activity. In common usage, the meaning is that of a device having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work. A simple machine is a device that transforms the direction or magnitude of a force without consuming any energy. The word "machine" is derived from the Latin designed for consumers Consumer is a broad label for any individuals or households that use goods and services generated within the economy. The concept of a consumer occurs in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary to buy and use solely for playing video games from a personal computer A personal computer is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator. This is in contrast to the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed large expensive mainframe, which has many other functions, or arcade machines A video game arcade cabinet, also known as a video arcade machine or video coin-op, is the housing within which a video arcade game's hardware resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the JAMMA wiring standard. Some include additional connectors for features not included in the standard, which are designed for businesses that buy them and then charge others to play.

Contents

History

Further information: History of video games The origin of video games lies in early cathode ray tube-based missile defense systems in the late 1940s. These programs were later adapted into other simple games during the 1950s. By the late 1950s and through the 1960s, more computer games were developed , gradually increasing in sophistication and complexity.[n 1] Following this period, video

First generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (first generation) The first generation of video game consoles lasted from 1972 with the release of the Magnavox Odyssey, until 1977, when "pong" style console manufacturers left the market en mass due to the introduction and success of microprocessor based consoles

Although the first computer games A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word video in video game traditionally referred to a raster display device. However, with the popular use of the term "video game", it now implies any type of display device. The electronic systems used to appeared in the 1950s,[1] they used vector displays Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon, which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics, not video. It was not until 1972 that Magnavox Magnavox is an American electronics company founded by Edwin Pridham and Peter L. Jensen. They invented a moving-coil loudspeaker in 1915 at their lab in Napa, California and they named their brainchild "Magnavox". The company was formed in 1917 under the same name to market the invention released the first home video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey The Magnavox Odyssey is the world's first home video game console. It was first demonstrated on May 24, 1972 and released in August of that year, predating the Atari Pong home consoles by three years, invented by Ralph H. Baer Ralph H. Baer is a German American video game pioneer, inventor, engineer, widely known as "The Father of Video Games", who is noted for his many contributions to games and the video game industry. In 2006, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology for inventing the home console for video games and spawning the video game industry. The Odyssey was initially only moderately successful, and it was not until Atari's arcade game Pong Pong is one of the earliest arcade video games, and is a tennis sports game featuring simple two-dimensional graphics. The aim is to defeat an opponent—either computer-controlled or a second player—by earning a higher score. The game was originally manufactured by Atari Incorporated (Atari), who released it in 1972. Pong was created by Allan popularized video games, that the public began to take more notice of the emerging industry. By the autumn of 1975 Magnavox, bowing to the popularity of Pong, cancelled the Odyssey and released a scaled down console that only played Pong and hockey, the Odyssey 100. A second "higher end" console, the Odyssey 200, was released with the 100 and added onscreen scoring, up to four players, and a third game—Smash. Almost simultaneously released with Atari's own home Pong console through Sears Sears, officially named Sears, Roebuck and Co., is an American chain of Department stores which was founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck in the late 19th century. Formerly a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Sears merged with Kmart in early 2005, creating the Sears Holdings Corporation, these consoles jump-started the consumer market. As with the arcade market, the home market was soon flooded by dedicated consoles that played simple pong and pong-derived games.

Second generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (second generation) In the history of computer and video games, the second generation began in 1976 with the release of the Fairchild Channel F and Radofin 1292 Advanced Programmable Video System Atari 2600

Fairchild released the Fairchild Video Entertainment System The Fairchild Channel F is a game console released by Fairchild Semiconductor in August 1976 at the retail price of $169.95. It has the distinction of being the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console. It was launched as the Video Entertainment System, or VES, but when Atari released their VCS the next year, Fairchild renamed its (VES) in 1976. While there had been previous game consoles that used cartridges, either the cartridges had no information and served the same function as flipping switches (the Odyssey) or the console itself was empty and the cartridge contained all of the game components. The VES, however, contained a programmable microprocessor so its cartridges only needed a single ROM chip to store microprocessor instructions.

RCA and Atari soon released their own cartridge-based consoles.

Video game crash of 1977

In 1977, manufacturers of older, obsolete consoles sold their systems at a loss to clear stock, creating a glut in the market and causing Fairchild and RCA to abandon their game consoles. Only Atari and Magnavox stayed in the home console market.

Rebirth of the home console market

The VES continued to be sold at a profit after the 1977 crash, and both Bally (with their Home Library Computer The Astrocade is an early video game console and simple computer system designed by a team at Midway, the videogame division of Bally. It was marketed only for a limited time before Bally decided to exit the market. The rights were later picked up by a third-party company, who re-released it and sold it until around 1983. The Astrocade is in 1977) and Magnavox (with the Odyssey² in 1978) brought their own programmable cartridge-based consoles to the market. However, it wasn't until Atari released a conversion of the arcade hit Space Invaders Space Invaders​ is an arcade video game designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, and released in 1978. It was originally manufactured and sold by Taito in Japan, and was later licensed for production in the United States by the Midway division of Bally. Space Invaders is one of the earliest shooting games and the aim is to defeat waves of aliens with a in 1980 that the home console industry was completely revived. Many consumers bought an Atari just for Space Invaders. Space Invaders' unprecedented success started the trend of console manufacturers trying to get exclusive rights to arcade titles, and the trend of advertisements for game consoles claiming to bring the arcade experience home.

Throughout the early 1980s, other companies released video game consoles of their own. Many of the video game systems were technically superior to the Atari 2600, and marketed as improvements over the Atari 2600. However, Atari dominated the console market in the early 1980s.

Video game crash of 1983

Main article: Video game crash of 1983 The North American video game crash of 1983 brought an abrupt end to what is considered the second generation of console video gaming in the English-speaking world. It almost destroyed the then-fledgling industry and led to the bankruptcy of several companies producing home computers and video game consoles in North America. It lasted about two

In 1983, the video game business suffered a much more severe crash. A flood of consoles, of low quality video games by smaller companies (especially for the 2600), industry leader Atari hyping games such as E.T. that were poorly received, and a growing number of home computer Home computers were a class of personal computers entering the market in 1977, and becoming increasingly common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as accessible personal computers, more capable than video game consoles. These computers typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented desktop personal users caused consumers and retailers to lose faith and interest in video game consoles. Most video game companies filed for bankruptcy, or moved into other industries, abandoning their game consoles. Mattel Electronics sold the rights for its Intellivision The Intellivision is a video game console released by Mattel in 1979. Development of the console began in 1978, less than a year after the introduction of its main competitor, the Atari 2600. The word intellivision is a portmanteau of "intelligent television". Over 3 million Intellivision units were sold and a total of 125 games were system to the INTV Corporation, who continued to produce Intellivision consoles and develop new games for the Intellivision until 1991. All other North American game consoles were discontinued by 1984.

Third generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (third generation) In the history of computer and video games, the third generation began in 1983 with the Japanese release of the Family Computer . Although the previous generation of consoles had also used 8-bit processors, it was at the end of this generation that home consoles were first labeled by their "bits". This also came into fashion as 16-bit The Robotic Operating Buddy that came packaged with the NES.

In 1983 , Nintendo released the Family Computer The Nintendo Entertainment System is an 8-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe and Australia in 1985. In most of Asia, including Japan (where it was first launched in 1983), China, Vietnam, Singapore and the Philippines, it was released as the Family Computer (ファミリーコンピュータ?), commonly (or Famicom) in Japan. Like the ColecoVision, the Famicom supported high-resolution sprites and tiled backgrounds, but with more colors. This allowed Famicom games to be longer and have more detailed graphics. Nintendo brought their Famicom over to the US in the form of the Nintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System is an 8-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe and Australia in 1985. In most of Asia, including Japan (where it was first launched in 1983), China, Vietnam, Singapore and the Philippines, it was released as the Family Computer (ファミリーコンピュータ?), commonly (NES) in 1985. In the US, video games were seen as a fad that had already passed. To distinguish its product from older video game consoles, Nintendo used a front-loading cartridge port similar to a VCR on the NES, packaged the NES with a Super Mario Brothers game and a light gun A light gun is a pointing device for computers and a control device for arcade and video games (the Zapper), and originally advertised it as a toy. The plastic "robot R.O.B. is an accessory for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in July 1985 in Japan as the Famicom Robot and later that year in North America as R.O.B. It had a short product lifespan, with support for only two games which comprised the "Robot Series"; Gyromite and Stack-Up. R.O.B. was released with the intention of" (R.O.B.) was also sold as an individual purchase item and in some cases packaged with the NES system.

Like Space Invaders Space Invaders​ is an arcade video game designed by Tomohiro Nishikado, and released in 1978. It was originally manufactured and sold by Taito in Japan, and was later licensed for production in the United States by the Midway division of Bally. Space Invaders is one of the earliest shooting games and the aim is to defeat waves of aliens with a for the 2600, Nintendo found its breakout hit game in Super Mario Bros. Nintendo's success revived the video game industry and new consoles were soon introduced in the following years to compete with the NES.

Sega's Master System The Sega Master System (abbreviated to SMS or Master System jap. マスターシステム is a third-generation 8-bit cartridge-based video game console, that was manufactured and released by Sega 1986 in North America, seven months after the original NES and in 1987 in Europe. Its original Japanese incarnation was the "Sega Mark III", was intended to compete with the NES, but never gained any significant market share in the US and was barely profitable. It fared notably better in PAL territories, especially Brazil.

Fourth generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (fourth generation) In the history of computer and video games, the fourth generation began on October 30, 1987 with the Japanese release of Nippon Electric Company's (NEC) PC Engine (known as the TurboGrafx-16 in North America). Although NEC released the first fourth generation console, this era was dominated by the rivalry between Nintendo and Sega's consoles; the

Sega regained market share by releasing its next-generation console, the Mega Drive/Genesis The Mega Drive is a fourth-generation video game console released by Sega in Japan in 1988 and Europe in 1990. The console was released in North America in 1989 under the name Genesis, as Sega was unable to secure legal rights to the Mega Drive name in that region. The Mega Drive, heavily marketed as "16-bit" due to its hardware, was, which was released in Japan on October 29, 1988, in the U.S. in August 1989 (renamed as the Sega Genesis) and in Europe in 1990, two years before Nintendo could release the Super Nintendo Entertainment System The Super Nintendo Entertainment System is a 16-bit video game console that was released by Nintendo in North America, Europe, Australasia (Oceania), and South America between 1990 and 1993. In Japan and Southeast Asia, the system is called the Super Famicom (スーパーファミコン?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, (SNES).

Sega extended the Mega Drive with the Mega CD/Sega CD The Mega-CD is an add-on device for the Mega Drive video game console, designed and produced by Sega and released in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and North America. In North America, it was renamed Sega CD, as the name Mega-CD bore no obvious associative meaning in that market where the console was named "Genesis" instead of &, to provide increased storage space for multimedia-based games that were then in vogue among the development community. Later, Sega released the 32X The Sega 32X , codenamed Project Mars, is an add-on for the Mega Drive/Genesis video game console by Sega, which added some of the polygon-processing functionality common in fifth-generation machines. However, the peripheral was a commercial failure due to lack of software support, with developers more keen to concentrate on more powerful machines, with a wider user base, such as the Saturn that followed shortly after.

Other consoles included in the fourth generation are NEC NEC Corporation , a Japanese multinational IT company, has its headquarters in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. NEC, part of the Sumitomo Group, provides information technology (IT) and network solutions to business enterprises, communications services providers and government's TurboGrafx-16 The TurboGrafx-16 , known in Japan as the PC Engine (PCエンジン, Pīshī Enjin?), is a video game console developed by Hudson Soft and NEC, released in Japan on October 30, 1987, and in North America on August 29, 1989 and SNK Playmore SNK Playmore Corporation is a Japanese video game hardware and software company. SNK is an acronym of Shin Nihon Kikaku (新日本企画), Japanese for "New Japan Project", which was SNK's original name. The company's legal and trading name became SNK in 1986's Neo Geo The Neo Geo is a cartridge-based arcade and home video game system released in 1990 by Japanese game company SNK. The system offered comparatively colorful 2D graphics and high-quality sound. A major platform for arcade games at the time, the system was also available as a costly home console. The two versions of the system were known as the AES.

Fifth generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (fifth generation) The fifth-generation era refers to the computer and video games, video game consoles, and video game handhelds available at the close of the 20th century. The fifth generation lasted approximately from 1993 to 2002 and was dominated by three consoles, the Sega Saturn (1994), the Sony PlayStation (1994), and the Nintendo 64 (1996). Demographics in Going from left to right, top to bottom: Iron Soldier (Atari Jaguar), Gex (3DO), Star Fox (SNES), Donkey Kong Country 3 Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! is a platform game developed by Rare and published by Nintendo as the final installment in the original Donkey Kong Country trilogy. It was released in late 1996 for the Super NES/Super Famicom. The game was ported to Game Boy Advance (with a different soundtrack; see "Re-Releases") and (SNES), Virtua Racing Virtua Racing or V.R. for short, is a Formula One racing arcade game, developed by Sega-AM2 and released in October 1992. Virtua Racing was initially a proof-of-concept application for exercising a new 3D-graphics platform under development, the "Model 1". The results were so encouraging, that Virtua Racing was fully developed into a (Super 32X), Vectorman (Mega Drive).

The first fifth generation consoles were the Atari Jaguar The Atari Jaguar is a video game console, released by Atari Corporation in 1993. It was designed to surpass the Mega Drive/Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in processing power. It was in competition with 3DO and later consoles that made up the Fifth generation of video game consoles. The console was first released in selected U and the 3DO The 3DO Interactive Multiplayer is a video game console originally produced by Panasonic in 1993. Further renditions of the hardware were released in 1994 by Sanyo and Goldstar. The consoles were manufactured according to specifications created by The 3DO Company, and were originally designed by Dave Needle and RJ Mical of New Technology Group. Both of these systems were much more powerful than the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) or Mega Drive (known as Genesis in North America); they were better at rendering polygons, could display more onscreen colors, and the 3DO used CDs A Compact Disc is an optical disc used to store digital data. It was originally developed to store sound recordings exclusively, but later it also allowed the preservation of other types of data. Audio CDs have been commercially available since October 1982. In 2010, they remain the standard physical storage medium for audio that contained far more information than cartridges and were cheaper to produce. Neither of these consoles were serious threats to Sega Sega Corporation is a multinational video game software and hardware development company, and a home computer and former console manufacturer headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan. The company is famous for its SEGA! chant that appeared on both commercials and games like Sonic the Hedgehog. The company had success with both arcades and home consoles, or Nintendo Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a multinational corporation located in Kyoto, Japan. Founded on September 23, 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it produced handmade hanafuda cards. By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as a cab company and a love hotel, though. The 3DO cost more than the SNES and Genesis combined, and the Jaguar was extremely difficult to program for, leading to a lack of games that used its extra power. Both consoles would be discontinued in 1996.

Nintendo released games like Donkey Kong Country Donkey Kong Country is a 2-D side scrolling platform video game developed by Rare, featuring the character Donkey Kong. It was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1994. Following an intense marketing campaign, the original SNES version sold over 8 million copies wordwide, making it the best-selling non-bundled SNES game of all that could display a wide range of tones (something common in fifth generation games) by limiting the number of hues onscreen, and games like Star Fox that used an extra chip inside of the cartridge to display polygon graphics. Sega followed suit, releasing Vectorman and Virtua Racing (the latter of which used the Sega Virtua Processor).

It was not until Sega's Saturn, Sony's PlayStation, and the Nintendo 64 were released that fifth generation consoles started to become popular. The Saturn and PlayStation used CDs to store games, while the N64 used cartridges. All three cost far less than the 3DO, and were easier to program than the Jaguar. The Saturn also had 2D sprite handling power on par with the Neo-Geo.

Sixth generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (sixth generation)

This generation saw a move towards PC-like architectures in gaming consoles, as well as a shift towards using DVDs for game media. This brought games that were both longer and more visually appealing. Furthermore, this generation also saw experimentation with online console gaming and implementing both flash and hard drive storage for game data.

Seventh generation

Main article: History of video game consoles (seventh generation)

The features introduced in this generation include the support of new disc formats: Blu-ray Disc, utilized by the PlayStation 3, and HD DVD supported by the Xbox 360 via an optional accessory, that was later discontinued as the format war closed. Another new technology is the use of motion as input, and IR tracking (as implemented on the Wii, and demonstrated by the PS3). Also, all seventh generation consoles support standard wireless controllers.

Bits

Each new generation of console hardware made use of the rapid development of processing technology. Newer machines could output a greater range of colors, more sprites, and introduced graphical technologies such as scaling, and vector graphics. One way this increase in processing power was conveyed to consumers was through the measurement of "bits". The TurboGrafx-16, Sega Genesis, and SNES were among the first consoles to advertise the fact that they contained 16-bit processors. This fourth generation of console hardware was often referred to as the 16-bit era, and the previous generation as the 8-bit.

The bit-value of a console referred to the word length of a console's processor (although the value was sometimes misused, for example the TurboGrafx 16 had only an 8-bit CPU, and the Genesis/Mega Drive had the 16/32-bit Motorola 68000, but both had a 16-bit dedicated graphics processor). As the graphical performance of console hardware is dependent on many factors, using bits was a crude way to gauge a console's overall ability, but served better to distinguish between generations.

Media

Cartridges

Standard game cartridges for several popular consoles. From front to back: Game Boy Color, Sega Genesis, and Atari 2600.

Game cartridges consist of a printed circuit board housed inside of a plastic casing, with a connector allowing the device to interface with the console. The circuit board can contain a wide variety of components. All cartridge games contain at the minimum, read only memory with the software written on it. Many cartridges also carry components that increase the original console's power, such as extra RAM or a coprocessor. Components can also be added to extend the original hardware's functionality[7] (such as gyroscopes, rumble packs, tilt-sensors, light sensors, etc.); this is more common on handheld consoles where the user does not interact with the game through a separate video game controller.[8]

Cartridges were the first external media to be used with home consoles and remained the most common until 1995 continued improvements in capacity (Nintendo 64 being the last mainstream game console to use cartridges).[9] Nevertheless, the relatively high manufacturing costs saw them completely replaced by optical media for home consoles by the early 21st century, although they are still in use in some handheld video game consoles.

Due to the aforementioned capabilities of cartridges such as more memory and coprocessors, those factors make it harder to reverse engineer consoles to be used on emulators.

Cards

Further information: Smart Card

Several consoles such as the Sega Master System - Developed by Matthew Kinsbrook and the TurboGrafx-16 have used different types of smart cards as an external medium. These cards function similar to simple cartridges. Information is stored on a chip that is housed in plastic. Cards are more compact and simpler than cartridges, though. This makes them cheaper to produce and smaller, but limits what can be done with them. Cards cannot hold extra components, and common cartridge techniques like bank switching (a technique used to create very large games) were impossible to miniaturize into a card in the late 1980s.[10][11]

Compact Discs reduced much of the need for cards. Optical Discs can hold more information than cards, and are cheaper to produce. The Nintendo GameCube and the PlayStation 2 use memory cards for storage, but the Nintendo DS is the only modern system to use cards for game distribution. Nintendo has long used cartridges with their Game Boy line of hand held consoles because of their durability, small size, stability (not shaking and vibrating the handheld when it is in use), and low battery consumption. Nintendo switched to cards for the DS, because advances in memory technology made putting extra memory on the cartridge unnecessary.[12]

Magnetic media

Two common forms of magnetic media. From front to back: Cassette and 3½-inch floppy disk.

Home computers have long used magnetic storage devices. Both tape drives and floppy disk drives were common on early microcomputers. Their popularity is in large part because a tape drive or disk drive can write to any material it can read. However, magnetic media is volatile and can be more easily damaged than game cartridges or optical discs.[13]

Among the first consoles to use magnetic media were the Bally Astrocade and APF-M1000, both of which could use cassette tapes through expansions. In Bally's case, this allowed the console to see new game development even after Bally dropped support for it. While magnetic media remained limited in use as a primary form of distribution, two popular subsequent consoles also had expansions available to allow them to use this format. The Starpath Supercharger can load Atari 2600 games from audio cassettes; Starpath used it to cheaply distribute their own games from 1982 to 1984 and today it is used by many programmers to test, distribute, and play homebrew software. The Family Computer Disk System was released by Nintendo in 1985 for the Japanese market. Nintendo sold the disks cheaply and sold vending machines where customers could have new games written to their disks up to 500 times.[14]

Optical media

The most widely used forms of optical media are DVDs and compact discs. Shown is a CD-ROM (left) and a game in Nintendo's proprietary optical disc format.

In the mid-1990s, various manufacturers shifted to optical media, specifically CD-ROM, for games. Although they were slower at loading game data than the cartridges available at that time, they were significantly cheaper to manufacture and had a larger capacity than the existing cartridge technology. Commodore released the first CD-disc based Amiga CD32 in September 1993, which was also the first 32-bit game console. By the early 21st century, all of the major home consoles used optical media, usually DVD-ROM or similar disks, which are widely replacing CD-ROM for data storage. The PlayStation 3 system uses even higher-capacity Blu-ray optical discs for games and movies while the Xbox 360 formerly used HD DVDs in the form of an external USB player add-on for movies, before it was discontinued. Microsoft still however, supports those who bought the accessory.

Internet distribution

All three seventh generation consoles (the PlayStation 3, Wii, and Xbox 360) offer some kind of Internet games distribution service, allowing users to download games for a fee onto some form of non-volatile storage, typically a hard disk or flash memory. Recently, the console manufacturers have been taking full advantage of Internet distribution with arcade games, television shows and film trailers being available.

See also

References

  1. ^ "The First Video Game". Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy. http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/higinbotham.asp. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  2. ^ "Hirai targets 150 million PS3 sales". GamesIndustry.biz. 2008-07-21. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/hirai-targets-150-million-ps3-sales. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  3. ^ "Hirai wants PS3 to beat PS2". Eurogamer. 2008-07-21. http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/hirai-wants-ps3-to-beat-ps2. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  4. ^ "HD DVD: Just another brick in the wall of defunct formats". Cnet. 2008-02-19. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9874075-7.html. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
  5. ^ "Xbox 360 adds 1080p, HD DVD drive is $170 US for November 22nd in Japan". Engadget. 2006-09-20. http://www.engadget.com/2006/09/20/xbox-360-adds-1080p-hd-dvd-drive-for-november-17th-in-japan. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  6. ^ "What are the types of removable storage media is supported by the PlayStation 3 computer entertainment system?". Sony. http://playstation.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/playstation.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=927&p_created=1199831554&p_sid=RAGiX8yj&p_accessibility=0&p_redirect=&p_lva=&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9NDAsNDAmcF9wcm9kcz00JnBfY2F0cz0mcF9wdj0xLjQmcF9jdj0mcF9zZWFyY2hfdHlwZT1hbnN3ZXJzLnNlYXJjaF9ubCZwX3BhZ2U9MSZwX3NlYXJjaF90ZXh0PW1lZGlhIGNhcmQgc3VwcG9ydA**&p_li=&p_topview=1. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
  7. ^ Dauer, James (March 20, 2006). "Sonic: A History - From South Island to Cosmic Eternity". http://www.gamingtarget.com/article.php?artid=5102. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  8. ^ Kevin Horton (April 18, 1997) (.txt). Cart Information. 6.00. http://www.tripoint.org/kevtris/files/sizes.txt. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  9. ^ Polsson, Ken (May 9, 2007). "Chronology of Video Game Systems". http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vidgame/vid1995.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  10. ^ Richard Talbot-Watkins (June 10, 1998) (.txt). Sega master system technical information. http://www.smspower.org/dev/docs/richard.txt. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  11. ^ Jeff Bogumil (September 27, 1997) (.txt). Sega MASTER SYSTEM Frequently Asked Questions. 2.06. http://www.severedbbs.u-net.com/fletcher/SMSFAQ.txt. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  12. ^ "Nintendo DS Details Explosion - Screen, Battery, GBA Compatibility and More". January 29, 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080212181019/http://news.spong.com/article/6128?cb=28. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  13. ^ Swearingen, Kirsten; Peter Charles, Nathan Good, Laheem Lamar Jordan, Joyojeet Pal. "How Much Information? 2003". http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/magnetic.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
  14. ^ "Family Computer Disk System". January 20, 2000. http://www.atarihq.com/tsr/fds/fds.html. Retrieved 2007-06-20.

Further reading

External links

Dedicated video game consoles
Ball and paddle APF TV Fun · Color TV Game · Coleco Telstar · Magnavox Odyssey · Magnavox Odyssey 200 · Pong · Video Pinball
Other Stunt Cycle
Modern Plug and play Atari Flashback · C64 Direct-to-TV · Fantastic Four TV game · Game Stick · Plug It in & Play TV Games · Power Player Super Joy III · Rumble Station · TV Boy · VG Pocket Max
First generation video game consoles
APF TV Fun · Color TV Game · Coleco Telstar · Magnavox Odyssey · Magnavox Odyssey 200 · Pong · Video Pinball
Second generation video game consoles
Arcadia 2001 · Atari 2600 · Atari 5200 · Bally Astrocade · ColecoVision · Fairchild Channel F · Interton VC 4000 · Intellivision · Odyssey² · RCA Studio II · SG-1000 · Vectrex
Third generation video game consoles
Action Max · Amstrad GX4000 · Atari 7800 · Atari XE Games System · Commodore 64 Games System · Nintendo Entertainment System · Sega Master System
Fourth generation video game consoles
CD-i · Commodore CDTV · Neo Geo · Sega Genesis/Mega Drive · Super A'Can · Super Nintendo Entertainment System · TurboGrafx-16
Fifth generation video game consoles
3DO · Amiga CD32 · Apple Bandai Pippin · Atari Jaguar · Casio Loopy · FM Towns Marty · Nintendo 64 · NEC PC-FX · Pioneer LaserActive · Playdia · PlayStation · Sega Saturn
Sixth generation video game consoles
Dreamcast · Nintendo GameCube · Nuon · Panasonic Q · PlayStation 2 · Xbox
Seventh generation video game consoles
PlayStation 3 · Wii · Xbox 360 · Zeebo

Categories: Video game consoles

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Tue Jul 27 09:45:13 2010. [ refresh local cache ]
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.

[Hide]▼
'Video Game Console' News
Cleaning up: 186th ARW helps with Gulf Coast operations [The Meridian Star, Miss.] - TMCnet
tmcnet.com
Cleaning up: 186th ARW helps with Gulf Coast operations [The Meridian Star, Miss.] - TMCnet
Sun, 18 Jul 2010 18:05:23 GMT+00:00
TMCnet He is zooming in on the spot using what appears to be a video game controller in his hands. Without moving his head his right hand moves to a joystick for ...
Google News Search: Video game console,
Tue Jul 27 09:45:19 2010
'Video Game Console' Images
6c43f8f43051da45ef07e33f450276d8 grande jpg
cdn.wn.com
6c43f8f43051da4​5ef07e33f450276​d8 grande jpg
351px x 468px | 26.10kB

[source page]

photo WN

Yahoo Images Search: Video game console,
Tue Jul 27 09:45:19 2010
'Video Game Console' Blogs
3 Reasons the E3 Video Game Conference Suddenly Matters Again ...
industry.bnet.com
3 Reasons the E3 Video Game Conference Suddenly Matters Again ...

Damon Brown

Wed, 09 Jun 2010 19:22:28 GM

In the . video game. market, billions of dollars in revenue and profits are up for grabs with the launch of each new generation of technology. In this current . console. war, which got underway with the launch of the Xbox 360 in 2005, ...

Google Blogs Search: Video game console,
Tue Jul 27 09:45:19 2010
'Video Game Console' Answers
Will there be a new video game console?
Q. Will there be a new video game console coming out soon? I want to buy either a PS3, XBOX 360, or a Wii for Christmas, but I have a feeling it will be too old and a new console will come out soon. Any rumors about a PS4, Xbox 720, or a Wii 2?
Asked by lakerseldri - Sat Dec 13 21:55:55 2008 - - 4 Answers - 0 Comments

A. a new console for each companys not coming around for a good 4-5 more years
Answered by iNoob - Sat Dec 13 22:00:07 2008

Yahoo Answers Search: Video game console,
Tue Jul 27 09:45:20 2010
[Hide]▲